"Laws that forbid the carrying of arms... disarm only those who are neither inclined not determined to commit crimes... Such laws make things worse for the assaulted and better for the assailants; they serve rather to encourage than to prevent homicides, for an unarmed man may be attacked with greater confidence than an armed man"

Thomas Jefferson's commonplace book, 1774-76, quoting from On Crimes and Punishment (1764) by criminologist Cesare Beccaria